This page was last edited on 17 december 2019, at 07. Only potential vegetation types from northcentral and northeastern us habitats where glossy buckthorn is most widely distributed are listed in the table below. The species is hermaphrodite has both male and female organs and is pollinated by insects. Rhamnus cathartica and frangula alnus report 20040q a.
List of various diseases cured by rhamnus frangula. Foliage the dark green leaves are shiny, alternate sometime opposite and simple with prominent venation. Rhamnus frangula herb uses, benefits, cures, side effects. Common buckthorn can form extensive monocultures in open woods, pastures, fencerows, roadsides, and in the understory of floodplain and riparian forests. Rhamnaceae article pdf available in plant biosystems 121. Rhamnus cathartica and frangula alnus report 200405.
Frangula bark, glossy buckthorn, alder buckthorn, fernleaf buckthorn, tallhedge buckthorn, alder dogwood, black dogwood. Discover lifes page about the biology, natural history, ecology, identification and distribution of frangula alnus alder buckthorn discover life. Effects of frangula alnus on soil microbial communities. Frangula alnus on integrated taxonomic information system. Need to work out what the way forward is in respect of this. It is found in scrub on fen peat, on the edges of raised mires, on heaths and in valley mires, in scrub, hedgerows and in woodland. One of my research observations was that a lot of the websites had the same information.
A large image of frangula alnus glossy buckthorn from the usda plants database. Frangula alnus aspleniifolia toevoegen aan klembord. A number of glycosides with aglycones related to anthracene are present in such drugs as cascara cascara sagrada, aloes aloe sp. Search results can be downloaded in pdf or spreadsheet form. Rheinhold funding for this project was provided by. Wwf guidelines for restoration and management of riparian forest habitats in bulgaria 6 subtype 2. Most authorities now recognize this section as a separate genus, using frangula alnus mill.
Frangula alnus is a deciduous shrub growing to 5 m 16ft by 4 m ft at a slow rate. Frangula alnus glossy buckthorn fral4 8004 european alder alder buckthorn elizabeth j. Element stewardship abstracts esas are prepared to provide the nature conservancys. Official glossy buckthorn frangula alnus assessment answers are underlined and in bold, comments are inserted in italics assessed august 7, 2003 by ellen jacquart, ken collins, bob oneill, paul labus, don miller, mike cline, dave heckler, lee casebere updated january, 2012 to add information on fineline buckthorn by ellen jacquart. Benefits of alder buckthorn rhamnus frangula for health. Pdf anatomical notes on turkish frangula alnus mill. Names of rhamnus frangula in various languages of the world are also given. Only potential vegetation types from northcentral and northeastern us. Minnesota environment and natural resources trust fund as recommended by the legislative commission on minnesota resources lcmr.
Rhamnus frangula alder buckthorn pfaf plant database. Flowers are perfect both male and female parts present, yellowish or greenish white, about 18 inch across on. Maine natural areas program, invasive plants, glossy buckthorn. The genus name is possibly derived from the latin frangere meaning to break, perhaps a reference to the brittle nature of its branches. Pre evaluation report for frangula alnus ron williams. How rhamnus frangula is effective for various diseases is listed in repertory format. Unlike other buckthorns, alder buckthorn does not have thorns. Edit links this page was last edited on 29 may 2019, at 18. Common buckthorn, rhamnus cathartica glossy buckthorn, frangula alnus species biology and phenology.
Element stewardship abstracts esas are prepared to provide the nature conservancys stewardship staff. Large image for frangula alnus glossy buckthorn usda plants. The genus name frangula comes from the word frango, meaning fragile or brittle, in reference to the tendency of the twigs of some species to break easily. Element stewardship abstract rhamnus cathartica, rhamnus. Fine line is a cultivar of the alder buckthorn and confusingly has a variety of names including rhamnus frangula fine line and frangula alnus fine line, but all refer to this upright columnar shrub with long, fine pointed leaves. Mountain grey alder alnus incana galleriesthe main edificator of the habitat is the grey alder alnus incana, and the projective cover of the tree layer is about 6080 %. The alder buckthorn can be considered a deciduous shrub or even a small tree, the plant often reaches 20 feet in height when fully mature. It was widely recommended for conservation plantings in the midwest until its invasive tendencies became apparent. This plant is often found grown in moist habitats near alders. Frangula alnus mill rhamnaceae, a shrub 35 m high and found in britain and. The specific name alnus and the common name alder buckthorn may be related to the frequent. Frangula alnus is a shrub or small tree with brownish gray bark speckled with easily distinguished elongated, lighter areas called lenticels michigan.
Foliage the dark green leaves are shiny, alternate sometime. Frangula alnus glossy buckthorn is native to eurasia but has been commonly planted in this country as a hedge and for wildlife food and cover. Maine natural areas program, invasive plants, imap. Alder buckthorn rhamnus frangula, also called black dogwood.
It is in flower from may to june, and the seeds ripen from september to november. Most authorities now recognize this section as a separate genus, using frangula alnus. The tree likes sun to halfshade at the location and the soil should be permeable soils. The alder buckthorn is botanically called rhamnus frangula. To browse or limit your search, select an entity type from the dropdown list next to the search box. Frangula alnus definition of frangula alnus by medical. In 1754, miller described the genus frangula, and in 1768, the species frangula alnus. Alder buckthorn frangula alnus is one of irelands rarest tree species, and in northern ireland the species is now restricted to a single population in peatlands park, co. The leaf margins are smoothentire and tend to be slightly wavy.
Department of agriculture agricultural research service. Also, there are sterile forms of many of the trees and shrubs listed here, such as frangula alnus ron williams fine line, a sterile form of the otherwise invasive alder buckthorn f. Files are available under licenses specified on their description page. Frangula alnus assessment answers are underlined and in bold. Its wide distribution covers most of the temperate forest zone of europe up to the urals and caucasus. Pdf in this study, the turkish representatives of frangula alnus were investigated in terms of wood, leaf and petiole anatomy. Species assessment group summary of group ratings date. Low genetic diversity and potential inbreeding in an. Perennial, deciduous, shrub or small tree, often multistemmed, can be singletrunked, to 20 tall. Frangula alnus at encyclopedia of life frangula alnus at national center for biotechnology information. In the past, frangula was treated as a subgenus of rhamnus, distinguished from rhamnus sensu stricto by the presence of bisexual instead of unisexual flowers and 5merous instead of 4merous flower parts, and on the basis of seed characteristics.
Prelogging treatment of invasive glossy buckthorn frangula alnus. I see this page has been moved from rhamnus frangula to frangula alnus without discussion. Frangula alnus in the germplasm resources information network grin, u. Rhamnus frangula is a deciduous shrub growing to 5 m 16ft by 4 m ft at a slow rate. This plant flowers after the leaves expand, from may to september. Alderleaved buckthorn rhamnus alnifolia has serrate. This deciduous shrub or small tree grows on a wide range of soils, but avoids droughtprone and permanently waterlogged sites. Frangula alnus, commonly known as alder buckthorn, glossy buckthorn, or breaking buckthorn, is a tall deciduous shrub in the family rhamnaceae. Appearance frangula alnus is a large shrub or small tree that can grow to heights of 30 ft. The yellowgreen flowers of frangula alnus are bisexual and 5merous, and arranged in 18 flowered sessile, glabrous umbels. All structured data from the file and property namespaces is available under the creative commons cc0 license. The beginning of my research was easy but it started to get harder because the same information was repeated on.
Frangula bark, alder buckthorn, is obtained from rhamnus frangula l. Rhamnus frangula landscape plants oregon state university. Unlike other buckthorns, alder buckthorn does not have. Of interest to pharmaceutical, nutritional, and biomedical research, as well alternative therapies and herbal products. Frangula alnus, closeup of fruits, late flowers and leaves in a garden. Czarapata voucher specimen needed in nd, sd, ks, and mo. Rhamnus frangula alnus fine line is a handsome deciduous shrub that fits perfectly into a small sized garden. Text is available under the creative commons attributionsharealike license. It was widely recommended for conservation plantings in the. Tracheophyta magnoliopsida rhamnaceae frangula frangula alnus. Exemption or permit for asplenifolia cultivar, and possibly ron williams if it is shown scientifically to be nonviable.
In this in this laboratory experimental study, hek cells were exposed to 10,1,0. Leaves are darkgreen and glossy above while dull green below. The bark is gray or brown with closely spaced, white lenticels. Element stewardship abstracts esas are prepared to provide the nature conservancys stewardship staff and other land managers with current managementrelated information on those species. Glossy buckthorn, fen buckthorn, alder buckthorn r. Unlike other buckthorns, this alder buckthorn does not have.
Invasive plants have been associated with alterations to soil properties, functions, and organisms, with the potential to impact ecosystem processes. Its wide distribution covers most of the temperate forest zone of europe up to the urals and caucasus, occurring even in the southern boreal and cool mediterranean forests. Pdf the effects of frangula alnus miller on hek cells in. Leaves are deciduous, simple, and generally arrang ed alternately. The presence of salix caprea, frangula alnus, rubus idaeus, trifolium repens, centaurea cyanus, arctium tomentosum, carum carvi, and fagopyrum esculentum pollen in those honey samples points to a wide diversity of melliferous plants within the area of the gomerta landscape reserve. Rhamnus alnifolia is a species of flowering plant in the buckthorn family known by the common names alderleaf buckthorn, or alder buckthorn.
Common buckthorn, rhamnus cathartica glossy buckthorn. An observational study was conducted to determine how the invasive plant frangula alnus affects soil microbial communities and biogeochemical processes in wisconsin forests. Glossy buckthorn can either grow as a multistemmed shrub or singlestemmed tree up to 23 7 m tall. Uses, benefits, cures, side effects, nutrients in rhamnus frangula. Wisconsin manual of control recommendations for ecologically invasive plants. Frangula alnus online atlas of the british and irish flora. The alder buckthorn is characterized by the presence of glossy oval shaped green leaves, each of which can be one to three inches in length, the leaves are borne on the stem in alternate rows and are not ridged. Biological control ofbuckthorns rhamnus cathartica and.
Indeed, it is listed as an invasive species in some areas as are many introduced buckthorns, and reportedly is very aggressive in wet, forested locations. All structured data from the file and property namespaces is available under the. Clusters about 1 inch across in the leaf axils of new growth, 2 to 8 flowers in a cluster. It grows in welldrained soils, preferring neutral to basic soils. This plant may be known by one or more common names in different places, and some are listed above. The new york flora atlas is a source of information for the distribution of plants within the state, as well as information on plant habitats, associated ecological communities, and taxonomy. Common buckthorn can form extensive monocultures in open woods, pastures. To contribute information, contact the editor whose address is. Frangula alnus the following table provides fire regime information vegetation types where glossy buckthorn may occur. The tree is a deciduous tree, it will be up to 7 m 30 ft high.